HIS 343rd BIRTH ANNIVERSARY (JANUary 26)

Holding a khanda (double-edged sword) in his right hand and his severed

head in his left hand Baba Dip Singh Ji (1682-1757) sacrificed his life fighting against

oppression for the liberation of Sri Harimandar Sahib, Amritsar. He was born on

January 26, 1682 in Pahuwind village, which is 40 kms south-west of Amritsar and

falls in District Tarn Taran of Punjab. His parents Bhai Bhagta Ji and Mata Jiuni Ji

were very religious minded. They nick-named him as ‘Deepa’. His father belonged to

Kharra sub-caste of Jat Sikhs and was a farmer.

As a small child Dip Singh Ji fell seriously ill and his mother while praying to

God for his recovery prayed that her son should not die of illness and may rather die

as a martyr. Her prayer bore fruit and martyr did he become at the age of 75 years.

His father was a well read person and taught him Gurmukhi. Dip Singh Ji started

reciting Japuji Sahib and soon he started reciting this paath 101 times daily and

continued this practice throughout his life. The recitation of this paath 101 times daily

instilled in him a deep religious fervour and a huge amount of energy. Japuji Sahib is

the opening composition of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikhs.

Preceded by Mul Mantra which is the basic statement of the Sikh religion, Japuji

Sahib comprises an introductory sloka and 38 stanzas and a concluding sloka. Japuji

Sahib is generally recited early in the morning. One recitation of this paath takes

about 10-15 minutes.

On the Baisakhi day of 1699 when Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji established the

initiation ceremony for Sikhs by initiating Panj Piaras and created Khalsa at

Anandpur Sahib in District Ropar of Punjab, Guru Sahib’s message to get initiated

reached all nooks and corners of the country. On the Baisakhi day of the following

year i.e. in 1700, a large number of Sikhs came to Anandpur Sahib from places far

and near to receive the vows of the Khalsa. As a young boy of 18 years Dip Singh Ji

also reached Anandpur Sahib and received the vows of the Khalsa from Sri Guru 

Gobind Singh Ji. He stayed there to study the sacred texts under Bhai Mani Singh Ji

and then returned to his village. In 1706, he rejoined Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji at

Talvandi Sabao (Damdama Sahib) 28 kms south-east of Bathinda in District

Bathinda of Punjab.

Before leaving for Deccan on Oct. 30, 1706, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji

assigned to Baba Dip Singh Ji the duty of teaching the Sikh scriptures, disseminating

Sikh philosophy and training the Sikhs in the martial arts. Thus, Dip Singh Ji stayed

behind at Talvandi Sabo to serve at the Gurdwara Damdama Sahib. At Talvandi

Sabo, as per the directions of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji he spent his time explaining

the teachings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib to Sikh sangat. He also organised a Sikh

jatha (fighting group) and trained the members of this jatha in martial arts.

In 1709, he decided to cooperate with Baba Banda Singh Ji Bahadur whom

Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji had sent from Nanded Sahib, Maharashtra towards Punjab

to counter the tortures being inflicted on the Sikhs by the Mughals. He gave full

cooperation to Baba Banda Singh Ji Bahadur in the battles fought by Baba Banda

Singh Ji Bahadur against the Mughals. When Baba Banda Singh Ji Bahadur

attacked Sadhaura which falls in the District Ambala of Haryana, along with his jatha

of brave Sikhs he reached Sadhaura. In this battle Usman Khan was killed who on

March 21, 1704 had tortured to death Pir Buddhu Shah Ji a Muslim Saint for having

helped Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the battle at Bhangani in Himachal Pradesh by

taking alongwith him his brother, four sons and 700 followers.

Taking revenge from Wazir Khan was the top priority of Baba Banda Singh Ji

Bahadur because on December 11, 1705 he had ordered that the two younger sons

- Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji aged 7 years and 9

years respectively be paved alive in a wall at a place 5 km. from Sirhind. But the wall

being constructed by the mason crumbled and inspite of his best efforts he could not

complete it. On December 12, 1705 as per the orders of Wazir Khan these two

younger sons were executed. On May 12, 1710 when to conquer Sirhind Baba

Banda Singh Ji Bahadur fought the battle near the twin villages of Chapar-Chiri

Large and Chapar Chiri Small Baba Dip Singh Ji played a significant role in it. These

villages fall in the Tehsil Kharar of District Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, they

are 11⁄2 - 2 km. apart and are at a distance of 16 miles from Sirhind in the north-

eastern direction and 10 miles from Banur in the north-western direction. In this  

battle Wazir Khan who was at that time Governor of Sirhind was killed and Baba

Banda Singh Ji Bahadur emerged as victorious. Two days after the battle at Chapar

Chiri, i.e. on May 14, 1710 Baba Banda Singh Ji Bahadur and his army conquered

Sirhind.

After these victories Baba Dip Singh Ji along with his jatha left for Talwandi

Sabo via Anandpur Sahib and on the way he stopped for one day at Solkhian which

falls in District Ropar on the Chandigarh-Ropar road and is at a distance of 10-11

kms. from Ropar.  

As per folk memory, after these battles Baba Dip Singh Ji helped in dressing

the wounds of the injured Sikhs. He also helped in conducting the injured Sikhs to

their respective homes. The soldiers who succumbed to their injuries were cremated

by him at Solkhian. At this place now stands Gurudwara Yaadgaar Shriman Dhan

Dhan Baba Deep Singh Ji Shaheed, where Akhand Paths are being recited

continuously.

Baba Dip Singh Ji helped Baba Banda Singh Ji Bahadur in the campaigns

against the Mughals until 1714. After that he went to his headquarter at Talvandi

Sabo. A very unique contribution which Baba Dip Singh Ji made during his stay at

Talvandi Sabo is that in 1726 he made four hand written copies of Sri Guru Granth

Sahib from the recension prepared by Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji with his assistance

and assistance of Bhai Mani Singh Ji and Dip Singh Ji during his stay at Talvandi

Sabo. These copies were sent to the four Takhats (seats of reverence) (i) Sri Akal

Takht Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab (ii) Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar (iii) Takht Sri

Keshgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, District Ropar, Punjab (iv) Takht Sri Hazur Sahib,

Abchalnagar, Nanded, Maharastra. It is worth mentioning here that Sri Guru Granth

Sahib which consists 1430 pages is treated by the Sikhs as their last Guru and is

held in great veneration by them. The recitation of this holy book once continuously

without any interruption takes about 48 hours.

In 1732 when Manjh and Bhatti Rajputs in collaboration with the faujdar of

Jallandher and Nawab of Malerkotla had besieged S. Ala Singh at Barnala, Baba Dip

Singh Ji went to Barnala to rescue him.

In 1733, the Mughal Governor of Lahore realizing that it was a tough job to

tackle with the brave Sikh forces who stood in his way of spreading Islam decided to

end his warring attitude and lure the Sikhs by offering them nawabships and jagirs.

But considering the offers of the Mughal governor only as an eye-wash Baba Dip

Singh Ji along with his jatha came to Amritsar and joined Nawab Kapur Singh to

form a joint Sikh force called the 'Dal Khalsa'. For administrative reasons this force

was sub-divided into two groups - Buddha Dal (the army of elders) and Taruna Dal

(the army of youngers). Taruna Dal was further split-up into five jathas (fighting

bands) and Baba Dip Singh Ji was given the command of one of these five jathas.

By this time, because of reverence for him he came to be called ‘Baba Dip Singh

Ji’.

On March 29, 1748 which was the day of Baisakhi, the Sikhs chose S. Jassa

Singh Ahluwalia as the supreme commander of the Dal Khalsa. In 1748, these jathas

were redesignated as misls and these misls took charge of ensuring peace,

providing protection to the people from oppression and providing security in the area

relegated under their authority. For providing these services, the misls collected a

specific portion of the revenue. Baba Dip Singh Ji was founder of Shahid Misl as well

as the Damdami Taksal i.e. Damdama School of Sikh Learning. Shahid Misl was

incharge of the area falling south of river Sutlej but Baba Dip Singh Ji remained

stationed at Talvandi Sabo.  

At Talvandi Sabo, the underground burj which he got constructed and in

which he lived and prayed during this period is still intact and is known as Burj Baba

Dip Singh Ji Shahid. It is a 20 meter high tower with a dome which at the top

adjoins the north-easten corner of Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, which is one of the

five Takhts, i.e. seats of reverence for the Sikhs. Baba Dip Singh Ji got a well sunk

near this place which still supplies drinking water to the complex. Thousands of Sikh

pilgrims visit this tower daily to pay homage to Baba Dip Singh Ji. A darshan (holy

glimpse) of this tower is a revealing experience in itself. The fittings and articles

inside the tower, alcove for putting divas (earthern lamps) for light give a glimpse of

the possible prayer postures of Baba Dip Singh Ji, his seating and bedding

arrangement etc. The pilgrims claim that mere entry into this tower instils in them a

deep feeling of tranquility.

Ahmed Shah Abdali also known as Ahmed Shah Durrani who invaded India

nine times between 1747 and 1769, during his fourth invasion which took place in

the winter of 1756-57 he reached Lahore on November 30, 1756 and after staying at

Lahore upto January 10, 1757 he reached Delhi on January 28, 1757. After attacking

some other cities his army plundered Delhi for one month in a very systematic way

not sparing any mohalla. He left Delhi on April 2, 1757. When he was returning after

this invasion he was taking with him 28,000 elephants, camels, mules, bullocks and

carts loaded with gold, silver and other precious articles and 80,000 cavalry loaded

with booty. He was also taking with him 17 widows from the harem of emperor

Mohammad Shah and 400 maid servants. When this caravan was passing through

Sanaur in District Patiala, Baba Ala Singh Ji and his forces attacked this caravan and

rescued these women from the clutches of the enemy. Another caravan which was

under the command of Jahan Khan was also looted by the Sikh jathas. Under the

leadership of S. Charhat Singh who became the grand-father of Maharaja Ranjit

Singh, the Sikh jathas closely followed Abdali from Lahore to Indus river and

harassed his forces. Before returning to his homeland Abdali installed his son Taimur

Shah as Viceroy of Punjab and appointed Jahan Khan as his deputy general. As a

vengeance for the harassment done to him by the Sikhs Abdali directed Taimur and

Jahan Khan to exterminate all Sikhs, destroy Amritsar, the holy city of Sikhs and fill

in the sarovar (sacred pool) at Harimandar Sahib with debris. In May 1757, Jahan

Khan reached Amritsar and started acting as per the directions of Abdali he razed to

the ground the Sikh fortress at Ram Rauni and filled up the sacred sarovar with

debris. The Shahid Misl under the leadership of S. Gurbaksh Singh Ji tried to defend

the holy premises but were not very successful. When the news of the desecration of

holy places reached Baba Dip Singh Ji at Talvandi Sabo, who was at that time

incharge of Gurdwara Sri Damdama Sahb he immediately set out with his jatha

towards Amritsar. On his way, many Sikhs joined him and by the time he reached

Tarn Taran Sahib which is 24 kms south of Amritsar, he had mustered a force of

5000 soldiers. At Tarn Taran Sahib, Baba Dip Singh Ji drew a line on the ground

with his khanda and said that those Sikhs who were willing to fight until death should

cross that line and join him. All of the Sikhs who were present crossed the line and

joined him. At this place where he had drawn the line Gurdwara Sri Lakeer Sahib

has been established.  

On November 11, 1757 on learning about the march of the Sikh forces

towards Amritsar Jahan Khan set out with his army to give them a tough battle and

reached near the village Gohlvar, which falls in District Tarn Taran and on the Tarn

Taran - Amritsar road comes 14-15 kms before Amritsar. At this place he barred the

way of Baba Dip Singh Ji’s troops as a result of which a fierce battle ensued at this

place. In the meantime Haji Atai Khan joined the Mughal forces alongwith his 20,000

soldiers. Baba Dip Singh Ji continued to push back the Mughal troops towards

Amritsar and reached village Chabba which is at a distance of 7 kms from Amritsar

on the Tarn Taran - Amritsar road and falls in District Amritsar. At this place the

Mughal Commandar, a young man challenged Baba Dip Singh Ji, a 75 year old

stalwart commander that if he considered himself to be a very brave warrior he

should fight with him alone. Baba Dip Singh Ji accepted the challenge. Both the

Generals alighted from their horses and started fighting. In a fierce battle which

ensued both of them struck each other simultaneonsly in which Mughal Commandar

got killed and Baba Deep Singh Ji’s sacred head got severed from his sacred body.

But to the astonishment of all present Baba Dip Singh Ji took hold of his severed

head in his left hand and continued to march towards Sri Harimandar Sahib fighting

with his khanda weighing approximately 37 pounds held in his right hand. Most of the

soldiers in the Mughal army got awe stricken and fled away. Thus fighting Baba Dip

Singh Ji reached the precincts of the holy shrine, the circumambulatory terrace of Sri

Harimandar Sahib and fulfilled his pledge to liberate Sri Harimandar Sahib from the

clutches of the enemy. To commemorate his commitment and bravery, at the exact

place where he breathed his last in the parikarma i.e. circumambulatory terrace of

the sarovar surrounding Sri Harimandar Sahib Saheed Bunga Baba Dip Singh Ji

has been constructed.

In the village Chabba Gurdwara Sri Tahla Sahib has been established at the

place where the sacred head of this brave warrior got separated from his sacred

body. At the place where his sacred body was cremated Gurdwara Shahid Ganj

Sahib Baba Dip Singh Ji has been established. This place is close to Sri

Harimandar Sahib and Gurdwara Sri Ramsar Sahib. On this site S. Jassa Singh Ji

(d.1803) of Ramgarhia misl had raised a memorial platform which was later on

developed into a Gurdwara by Akali Phula Singh Ji (d. 1823).

This year i.e. in 2025 on January 27 the Sikh Community all over the world

will pay homage to Baba Dip Singh Ji Shahid on his 343rd Birth Anniversary.

The sacrifice of Baba Dip Singh Ji Shahid made for the liberation of

religious places will shine perenially in the Sikh history and he will be

remembered for all times to come for his steadfastness and valour.

HAIL THE VALOROUS SHAHEED BABA DIP SINGH JI!

Dr. Amrit Kaur  Retd. Professor, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India